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27 ~~~~~~~~~~~ 21 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 11 ~~~~~~~~~~~~ 8 :::::::::::::::::: 7 ~~~~~~~~~~ 4 h;" 48K Only"''" Press 2 or 3 for pages or"'" Hold S for 4 ;"START THE TAPE": 4 - Q to Quit": 4 THEN PRESS ANY KEY 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 3 xxxxxxxxxxx 3 h;"Page ";a/h: 3 "8";"START THE TAPE": 2 xxxxxxxxxxxxx 2 ZZrev 2 USE LIST 2 2 SOrev 2 MUrev 2 HUrev 2 ;" STOP THE TAPE " 2 888888888888888888 2 88888888888888 2 11111111111 1 xxxxxx|||||xxxxxx 1 xxxxxx|DDD|xxxxxx 1 xxxxxxxGDCxxxxxxx 1 xxxxxxDDGDDxxxxxx 1 xxxxxxDDDDDxxxxxx 1 wokingham 1 winchesteri 1 right=prog+ 1 reviews2 : 1 ore re- sembled Esmerelda than Charles Laughton's grotesque Q 1 left=prog+ 1 l;"Please press any key to continue": 1 he graphics, little remains. Still, they are great graphi 1 h;"Page ";a/h 1 down=prog+ 1 disassembl 1 c(M)ENU (C)OPY (A)LTER BYTE 1 assages and your current heading at the top of the screen."'" You have to 1 a$=b$+"Surely you know that the BASIC program area does not always start at 23755. If you have anInterface One and Microdrive fitted it definitely doesn't !! "+b$: 1 a$=b$+"If you call M/C routines by your"+b$+"method all I get is this........"+b$: 1 a$=b$+"I've nothing against putting M/Cin LINE 1 REM statements but nowthat Microdrives are (more!) readily available you must PEEK 23635 and 23636 to check the actual start of the BASIC area. "+b$: 1 a$=b$+"Dear Spectrum Computing, "+b$: 1 a$=b$+"By the way do you like my CLS ? "+b$: 1 a$=b$+" A letter from Wokingham from Richard Carsons. "+b$: 1 a$=b$+" LET up = anywhere LET down = anywhere + 105 LET left = anywhere + 210 LET right = anywhere + 291 "+b$: 1 a$=b$+" May I offer a hint to other programmers ? "+b$: 1 a$=b$+" TRY IT. "+b$: 1 a$="When you want to make a call to a M/C routine, you do so by reference to ""prog"" rather than by specifying an actual address.Your call should have read RANDOMIZE USR (prog+17) ": 1 a$="This sets up a variable ""prog"" and fills it with the address ofthe first byte of the BASIC area"+b$: 1 a$="SAVE it as CODE of 374 bytes from address (prog+95) "+b$: 1 a$="ReLOAD it anywhere but remember to set up variables :- "+b$: 1 a$="PS: More Machine Code please. ": 1 a$="PRESS A KEY" 1 a$="Many thanks for what I think is an excellent publication. However, you need to update someprogramming techniques which arenow out-of-date. "+b$: 1 a$="In your March issue you includeda program for printing using 42 columns. (This is an excellent routine which I hope to put to use.) However, in LINE 10 you called your Stop Tape Siren by acall of RANDOMIZE USR 23772 ! "+b$: 1 a$="I wont bother with details but you can see how to use it in LINES 9800 to 9900 "+b$: 1 a$="I see many published listings where lines are blanked out by overprinting 32 spaces. This canoccur several times throughout a program and uses up bytes. "+b$: 1 a$="I DIMension an array at the start [ eg. DIM b$(32). ] but donot put anything into it. Then when I need a blank line I just program ""PRINT b$"" . Shorter overprints can be slicedeg. ""PRINT b$( 1 a$="At the start of your program youmust include the line :- ": 1 a$=" LET prog=PEEK 23635+256 * 1 a$=" Bye for now from "+b$+b$+"Richard Carsons 3 Cornflower Close Wokingham Berkshire ": 1 WITH BYTE 1 STARTADDRES 1 RLCA!RRCA!RLA! RRA! DAA! CPL! SCF! CCF! 1 RLC@!RRC@!RL@! RR@! SLA@!SRA@!SLL@!SRL@! 1 REPLACE FROM 1 RAMTOP IS MOVED - YOU ARE ADVISED TO FOLLOW THE CHAIN-ING UNTIL YOU LEAVE THE REVIEW SECTION TO AVOID UNUSUAL EFFECTS 1 PUSH@BC!CALL@%! PUSH@DE!?! PUSH@^! ?! PUSH@AF!?! 1 PRESS A KEY 1 POP@BC! RET! POP@DE! EXX! POP@^! JP@(^)! POP@AF! LD@SP,^! 1 NZ!Z !NC!C !PO!PE!P !M ! 1 NOP! EX@AF'! DJNZ@$! JR@$! JR@NZ $!JR@ Z $!JR@NC $!JR@ C $! 1 LINE, use CAPS SHIFT + 6." 1 LDI! CPI! INI! OUTI!LDD! CPD! IND! OUTD!LDIR!CPIR!INIR!OTIR!LDDR!CPDR!INDR!OTDR! 1 LD@BC,%! ADD@^,BC!LD@DE,%! ADD@^,DE!LD@^,%! ADD@^,^! LD@SP,%! ADD@^,SP! 1 JP@%! ?! OUT@(#),A!IN@A,(#)! EX@(SP),^!EX@DE,HL! DI! EI! 1 In your March issue you includeda program for printing using 42 columns. (This is an excellent routine which I hope to put to use.) However, in LINE 10 you called your Stop Tape Siren by acall of RANDOMIZE USR 23772 ! 1 IN@B,(C) !OUT@(C),B!SBC@HL,BC!LD@(%),BC!NEG! RETN! IM@0! LD@I,A! IN@C,(C)! OUT@(C),C!ADC@HL,BC!LD@BC,(%)!?! RETI! ?! LD@R,A! IN@D,(C)! OUT@(C),D!SBC@HL,DE!LD@(%),DE!?! ?! IM@1! LD@A,I! IN@E,(C)! OUT@(C),E!ADC@HL,DE!LD@DE,(%)!?! ?! IM@2 !LD@A,R! IN@(H),C! OUT@(C),H!SBC@HL,HL!LD@(%),HL!?! ?! ?! RRD! IN@L,(C)! OUT@(C),L!ADC@HL,HL!LD@HL,(%)!?! ?! ?! RLD! IN@F,(C)! OUT@(C),F!SBC@HL,SP!LD@(%),SP!?! ?! ?! ?! IN@A,(C)! OUT@(C),A!ADC@HL,SP!LD@SP,(%)! 1 I;" STOP THE TAPE " 1 GOTO 130 TO SAVE THE SHORT-ENED PROGRAM 1 DISASSEMBLER 1984 SIMPLESOFT 1 Created with Ramsoft MakeTZX 1 COPY FROM 1 BC!DE!^! SP! 1 B! C! D! E! H! L! (&)!A! 1 ADD@A,!ADC@A,!SUB@! SBC@A,!AND@! XOR@! OR@! CP@! 1 @(BC),A!@A,(BC)!@(DE),A!@A,(DE)!@(%),^! @^,(%)! @(%),A! @A,(%)! 1 >~~~~~~~~~~~ 1 >~~~~~~~~~~ 1 >~~~~~~~~~ 1 ;"This extremely useful utility isfrom a guest hacker in Holland. It has already supplanted lesserweapons in Prang's arsenal, so it must be the business!" 1 ;"SOFTWARE REVIEWS"'' 1 ;"Press a key to continue": 1 ;"Please press any key to continue" 1 ;"MUGSY from Melbourne"; 1 ;"LET TAPE RUN " 1 ;"Disassembler by Bert Vierstra"'' 1 ;"DEAR SPECTRUM COMPUTING," 1 ;" ZIGZAG from DK'tronics"; 1 ;" LOADING " 1 ;" SORCERY from VIRGIN"; 1 ;" HUNCHBACK from Ocean"; 1 ;" PRESS ANY KEY TO TURN PAGE " 1 ;" A LETTER FROM WINCHESTER (NOT AS IN DISK DRIVE!) " 1 ;" AND THEN PRESS ANY KEY " 1 ;" 1 :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::11111111111 1 :::::::::::: 1 88888888889999 1 888888888888899988 1 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 1 88888888888888888888888 1 88888888888888888888 1 8888888888888888888 1 888888888888888 1 8 RETURN TO BASIC 1 7 RUN CODE 1 6 COPY CODE 1 5 REPLACE BYTES 1 4 NUMERIC-DUMP 1 3 CHARACTER-DUMP 1 23636 ": 1 12) ": 1 1 DISASSEMBLE 1 )()()()()( 1 ''''"When you leave the Disassembler you will return here." 1 ''"This help file is in BASIC and can be deleted to free some mem-ory after you are familiar with the functions." 1 ''"Run code function-"''' 1 ''"Replace bytes function-"'' 1 ''"REMs in the listing will guide you in this, and in making a copy of the shortened program. LINE 0 won't list, so do LIST 2." 1 ''"Press:" 1 ''"Numeric-dump function-"''"Prints a pageful of bytes as hexor decimal numbers, according tothe mode." 1 ''"Loader Function-"''' 1 ''"(M)ENU (C)OPY (A)LTER BYTE"''"When a page is full, pressing M brings you back to the menu, C makes a hardcopy on a ZX printerand A gives you the opportunity to alter a byte. Any other key continues the original function." 1 '"The program is menu driven and has a number of other useful functions. Using the program is the quickest way to learn how itworks, but a brief description follows." 1 '"The main function of this pro- gram is to translate machine code into assembly language mne-monics to make it easier to fol-low. The addresses are expanded into decimal or hex depending onthe mode selected." 1 '"The Disassembler does not check if you are overwriting the Dis- assembler itself, so beware!" 1 '"'R' TO READ AGAIN, 'Q' TO QUIT." 1 '" Once upon a time,I had what wasknown as an 'ISSUE 2 SPECTRUM.' Now,one day,after plugging in mySpectrum,I got a shock. Instead of displaying a copyright notice(you know the one, ' 1 '" It won't work on all the Issue3 models either, as some have unstable ports that change as they warm up, etc. The method weuse now with IN is to subtract one port from another and act onthe difference. See ""tomato"" in this issue."',"ED-" 1 '" How about ten C15s for this issues least uncomplimentary letter?"''" The easiest way to patch ZAP is to change the '255's in lines200, 210, 680, and 690 to '191',but of course the game won't then work on Issue 2 Spectrums. " 1 '" Numbers bigger than 255 (or 65535 for addresses) and Hex numbers without an 1 %%%%%%%%%%%% 1 #l;" Q to QUIT or any to read again " 1 "wokingham" 1 "with it, or if you lot at APS can't do it, then maybe some of you fellow readers can, and thenwe can all go back to saving theearth again! HAPPY COMPUTING! " 1 "winchester" 1 "spokesmen sent letters to maga- zine publishers and software houses explaining what to do ab-out this. Unfortunatly, I didn'tsee this letter, so I don't knowwhat to do about ZAP, that is where YOU come in. Maybe you at SPECTRUM COMPUTING could help usissue 3 users who have that sameproblem on that same game by giving us a little program we can MERGE with ZAP, or maybe youcould just tell us what to do" 1 "reviews2" 1 "realistic 'zooming' movement as you travel through the tunnels. The view of the maze is always pretty much the same, so you could say it's a single screen, but the maze layout changes. Youget a map of the part of the": 1 "problem. I found that my little man wouldn't move,and my firing button wouldn't stop. I went potty trying to work out what was wrong, but one day I heard that Sir Uncle was aware of software problems where softwarewritten on earlier machines did not run properly on the Issue 3 machines, and one of Sinclair's" 1 "microdrive maps."' " Staying compatible with ALL readers inevitably means taking the lowest common denominator, but microdrive users should not need to disconnect their Inter- face ones provided they NEW the" 1 "maze you have explored plus in- dicators for adjacent passages and your current heading at the top of the screen."'" You have to catch and interro-gate 'scarabaqs' to find the wayto the next of the six sectors while dodging the 'hoverdroids'." 1 "happened to be the very same ZAPwhich came with the first ever issue of SPECTRUM COMPUTING, which will most probably, by thetime you print this letter in your magazine (if it gets print-ed) be ONE YEAR OLD. If so HAPPYBIRTHDAY. If not HAPPY UN-BIRTH-DAY! Anyway, when ZAP was loadedand running I came across the" 1 "evil necromancer and his demons.You do this by pressing Q, A, and 0, for left, right, and fly.Funny choice, and no other op- tions. It works OK, but 48K pro-grams have no excuse for omit- ting joystick routines.": 1 "disassembl" 1 "computer before LOADing the mag-azine, and don't invoke any error messages, which will bringthe shadow ROM into operation. We shall continue to make coderoutines relocatable and micro- drive compatible where possible," 1 "compatible with microdrives. Mostly we don't bother, 'causeour review section can't be madeto work with Microdrives, er... well, it does, but only because the system variables are loaded with the program. We can't fit the reviews into 16K if we have to give up 500 bytes a time to" 1 "but contributions from readers (like Bert Vierstra's in this issue) are beyond our control! Ten C15s are on the way (make that a microdrive cartridge). PS- If Bill McIntosh sends his new address, he'll get his, too.","ED-" 1 "back to WHSMITHS who replaced itright away with a SINCLAIR ISSUE3 ZX SPECTRUM. I took it home, and carried on playing games as usual. One day, I decided to play a game called ZAP, which" 1 "You can load bytes into memory in hex or decimal form, numbers will be printed according to themode selected, see Input." 1 "The only person I ever met who was so afflicted much more re- sembled Esmerelda than Charles Laughton's grotesque Quasimodo. I can't help but wonder what shemight think about the insensiti-vity of us computer freaks.": 1 "The disassembler is written in machine code stored in a REM Statement in line 0, at address 23760, length 3470 bytes. It is not relocatable, and therefore will not work with Microdrives." 1 "THIS LETTER WAS BROUGHT TO YOU TODAY BY Dave Brown, No.11 Keble Street, Stanmore, Winchester, Hants. SO22 4BW " 1 "Prints memory as characters, with non printable bytes (C<32 or C>164) replaced by "".""." 1 "P.S. SPECTRUM COMPUTING- PLEASE SEND ME BACK MY C15 TAPE-I'M RUNNING SHORT OF BLANK TAPES AT THE MOMENT!-D.B. ": 1 "Input: ENTER without a number will be regarded as zero. If the last Character you enter is 1 "First you will be asked to enterthe address you want to copy from, then the address you want to copy to, and then the length of the block of code." 1 "First enter the start address of the block to be filled, then the last address+1(!), and then the byte you want to fill the block with." 1 "Enter the start address of the routine, the return will be to the Disassembler. The routine must enable interrupts before returning or you will have to pull the plug." 1 "DISASSEMBL" 1 "Copy code function-"'' 1 "Character-dump function-"'' 1 " You have to guide the deformedhero along the top of the castlewall, dodging the missiles and outrunning the soldier, to reachand free Esmerelda on the 15th screen. Very difficult it is, too, with critical timing." 1 " You can use Kempston, ZX in- terface 2, or DK'tronics own joysticks, and the Currah mu- speech unit is also supported. If Currah would send us one, we could tell you how it sounds. Hello? Is anybody listening?" 1 " You can run out of time or getnibbled away by spooks, but oc- casionally remedies are found insome of the screens to revive you. The ultimate objective is to put a particular object on a particular altar.": 1 " We suspect that it's more to do with copy-stopping than sav- ing your time, but both object- ives are worthy, providing it doesn't lead to loading errors. The game itself is a fast mov-ing 3D maze chase with a very" 1 " We are aware of the points youmention, but the solution is notalways so simple. Not all code routines will be relocatable, for one thing. You will notice that Prang has gone to great lengths to make his latest spell" 1 " Virgin's involvment with soft-ware began maybe a year ago withthe marketing end. Unfortunatelythe programming end is just be- ginning to catch up, and compu- ter ware just can't be promoted up the charts like records can." 1 " Very funny, or should I say, 'That's Rich'. Nice of you to include your address. Remember folks, don't complain to us, write to Richard." 1 " This one, like 'Dr. Franky' isthe work of Martin Wheeler. The Virgin moguls had better hang onto him, he is practically their only asset, on the Spectrum at least."'" You are a sorcerer who is try-ing to save the world from the" 1 " There are fifteen screens, allwith demons to dodge, objects tocollect, doors to unlock, and the like. I guess it's really a graphic adventure rather than a straight arcade game, but this distinction is becoming the hab-itat of nit-pickers, so I'm off." 1 " The main attraction of this game must be the difficulty. I didn't get past the third screenand the later screens look quiteimpossible in the Demo mode. Youonly have three lives, too. It may be frustrating, but it won'tbore you after a few goes." 1 " The 'fly' button gives you ex-actly the kind of wobbly, bumb- ling flotation that we are used to dodging when Prang is in the office. Combined with rather un-assertive gravity, it gets you about like a fairly senior sage." 1 " Stunning graphic displays are what sells software nowadays, sothat is naturally what the top programmers, Phillip Mitchell included, are concentrating all their efforts on." 1 " Recently, adventure game nuts,having enjoyed an extended love affair with 'The Hobbit', have begun to complain that the use of graphics in adventures is no longer enhancing games, but is often irrelevant to the game or annoyingly slows play." 1 " Our pre-release copy of Zigzagdid not incorporate the new fastloading system that your copy isgoing to use. Too bad, we would have liked to check it out, as it is unlikely that faster load-ing will prove as reliable as the normal rate." 1 " Ocean actually paid the Arcademachine company, Century Elec- tronics, for the rights to make the home computer version of this game. Then Century folded. Ocean has been doing rather wellwith it though." 1 " Mugsy's graphics are perhaps the best yet on the Spectrum. Two of the screens are actually little cartoon movies, and thereis an arcade-style shootout se- quence. Superb stuff." 1 " I am uneasy about the scenarioof the game, as it seems unfair to those who suffer such a de- formity for the rest of us to have fun over it, but I guess the same could be said about themovie that the game is based on." 1 " But the game itself is neithernew nor terribly exciting. It's a gangsterized version of the old standard where you are run- ning a small kingdom and have todecide how much to feed the pea-sants, how big the army should be, and so on. The sort of thingthat regularily appears as BASIClistings in backs of magazines.": 1 " Both complaints could apply a bit to 'Mugsy', but without the graphics, little remains. Still, they are great graphicsand you will certainly find themdisplayed in your friendly localsoftware emporium." 1 " As you progress through the sectors, you need to catch in- creasing numbers of scarabaqs toget on, which seems to be the only increase in difficulty, andfor all the smooth graphics, it does get a bit samey eventually.": 1 " 'Joystick compatible' the cas-sette insert says. Ocean don't like you to know which joysticksare supported until after you buy. It's Kempston, Protek, and ZX interface 2, so there. You only need left, right, and jump anyway, so the keys are enough.": 1 " and that's not much fun !! "+b$: 1 the number will be regarded as Hex. Escaping: the same as es- caping from 1 if you want to read this again"'''" 1 if you want to QUIT." 1 if you want to Disassemble"''''" 1 but oc- casionally remedies are found insome of the screens to revive you. T 1 at the end will not be handled correctly." 1 Delete from here down to free memory 1 1982 Sinclair Research Ltd": 1 1982 Sinc-lair Research Ltd') it displayeda load of patterns,which should not have been there, in other words, my computer was up the spout,so I took the Spectrum" 1 " In ten minutes you can see thewhole thing. Don't miss the ma- chine gun firing from the car. If you are impressed enough, youcould buy it as an art object. Unlike some graphic adventures, the price is reasonable.": 1 A 1